Written By: Lucia Ting
IntroductioN
As the machine rises up, you start to sweat; your heartbeat races and sweat drips across your face . The intense feeling you feet on the 50m drop tower is commonly known as “Fear”. Fear is an emotion that most of us have felt before. It is a powerful sensation that can evoke a wide range of physical and psychological responses. But have you ever wondered why we feel fear and what purpose it serves in our lives? In this article, we will explore the science behind fear: its triggers and its significance.
Why do we fear?
At its core, fear is a natural response to a perceived threat or danger. It acts as a warning, alerting us to potential harm, allowing us to avoid dangerous situations. From the heights that make our hearts race, to predators that send shivers down our spines, and even insects that make us jump, fear keeps us away from harm's way.
One of the primary functions of fear is to ensure our survival. It is not limited to humans alone; fear is shared among animals as well. Animals rely on fear to recognize and respond to danger. It enables them to make split-second decisions that can mean the difference between life and death. This defense mechanism, allowing animals to increase their chances of survival.
How does “fear” work?
But how exactly do we experience fear? When confronted with a threat, the threat acts as stimuli, our brain then processes the stimuli to result in a split-second reaction. This response is managed by a complex network of structures in our brain collectively called the limbic system. There are two main pathways through which the brain processes fear stimuli: the low road and the high road.
In the low road pathway, the threat stimulus first reaches the thalamus, which receives the initial sensory input. From there, it quickly travels to the amygdala, often referred to as the brain's alarm system. The amygdala then signals the hypothalamus, which releases hormones that trigger various physical and emotional reactions associated with fear.
On the other hand, the high road pathway involves additional processing steps. After reaching the thalamus, the threat stimulus is relayed to the sensory cortex, where the source of stimuli is further analyzed. The information then travels to the hippocampus, which retrieves relevant memories and experiences associated with the threat. Finally, the amygdala receives these signals from the hippocampus and determines whether to continue secreting hormones that sustain the fear response.
Effects of Fear
When fear takes hold of us, it not only manifests psychologically, but also physically. Our heart rate increases to facilitate better blood flow to the muscles, preparing us for action. Blood pressure rises, ensuring that our body is ready to respond effectively. Pupils dilate to gather more visual input, allowing us to better assess the situation. Breathing rates increase, ensuring an adequate oxygen supply to the bloodstream, which becomes crucial as blood flow intensifies. Lastly, we may experience sweating as our body's way of regulating temperature and preparing for physical exertion.
Seeking out Fear
In contrast to what you might expect, fear is not always confined to moments of genuine danger, but it can rather act as a source of pleasure and excitement. Many people actively seek out fear-inducing activities, such as riding roller coasters or engaging in extreme sports. However, if fear makes us feel uneasy, then why do we sometimes still pursue it? In these cases, individuals consciously place themselves in potentially frightening situations, fully aware that they are in a safe environment. This combination can lead to the release of naturally occurring opioids(Chemical primarily used for pain relief and muscle relaxation), such as endorphins, which signal pleasure. Additionally, the brain's reward centre receives a boost of dopamine, a chemical linked to feelings of satisfaction and enjoyment. Therefore, the thrill of the thumping heart and the high level of energy without high risk , is what make people seek fear; simply providing a unique and exhilarating experience that taps into our brain's pleasure circuit.
Conclusion
In conclusion, fear is a fundamental emotion that serves a crucial purpose in our lives. It is a mechanism designed to protect us from harm, guiding us away from potential threats and promoting our survival. While fear can be overcome through logical thinking, its instinctive nature remains deeply rooted within us. Whether it is the response to genuine danger or the voluntary pursuit of controlled fear, understanding the role and significance of fear can help us navigate life's challenges with a greater appreciation for our innate abilities.
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