Written By: Mika Lai
The menstrual cycle is a natural, monthly process that prepares women for potential pregnancy, typically lasting for 28 days, though it can range from 21 to 35 days among different individuals.
Understanding the menstrual cycle can be valuable for managing menstrual health and recognizing patterns that may signal underlying issues. As a process that occurs monthly, it is vital for women to understand the inner workings of their body to better adapt and care for themselves.
The four main phases:
Menstrual Phase: The menstrual phase marks the start of the menstrual cycle and involves the shedding of the uterine lining. This results in menstrual bleeding, that lasts between 3 to 7 days. This phase is commonly referred to as being on your period.
Follicular Phase: Overlapping with the menstrual phase, this phase begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts until ovulation. During this time, the pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles, each containing an egg. The uterine lining begins to thicken in preparation for a potential embryo.
Ovulation: Typically occurring around the middle of the cycle, ovulation involves the release of a mature egg from one of the ovaries into the fallopian tube. This is the most fertile period, and if sperm are present, fertilization and pregnancy could occur
Luteal Phase: Following ovulation, the luteal phase prepares the body for a possible pregnancy. The ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes hormones to maintain the uterine lining. If the egg is not fertilized, hormone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining and the start of a new cycle for new potential pregnancy.
Menstrual cycles can vary widely among individuals and may be influenced by factors like stress, diet, and exercise. Irregularities in the cycle might indicate hormonal imbalances or other health concerns. Tracking the menstrual cycle using apps or calendars can help manage symptoms and provide valuable insights into reproductive health.
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